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Pumped storage hydropower is a vital technology in the renewable energy transition, providing essential support to integrate variable sources (e.g., wind and solar energy) into the energy grid. With approximately 180 GW of global installed capacity as of 2023, it is proven to be the most reliable and cost-effective solution for large-scale energy storage. Anticipated to double within two decades, pumped storage is critical for stabilizing grids and meeting long-term clean electricity needs.